“头条新闻”目录存档

再见,瓦格纳先生

2009年04月5日,星期天

我所认识的瓦格纳

听说瓦格纳辞职,不免生出些”这天终于来了”的伤感。虽说早有奥巴马总统对于美国三大车企老总”不改变,就下课”的说法见诸报端,但总觉得美国 “三大”走到今天,有错综复杂的缘由,临危走马换将,企望一蹴而就的 “重组方案”,恐怕难以如愿。然而174亿美元的财政援助砸下去了,通用、克莱斯勒在4月1日的限期之前依然没有拿出个像样的解困方案,通用反而提出,还得向政府再要166亿美元才能周转,在国会面前,也太不给新总统面子了。3月27日,政府官员出面 “逼宫”;30日,一再坚称自己是 “带领通用走出困境合适人选”的瓦格纳,只能选择辞职这条路了。

通用汽车公司原董事长兼首席执行官采访汽车产业30年,全球汽车业巨头的领军人物见过不少。可以称为朋友的,瓦格纳算一个。2000年,我到意大利参加通用汽车全球论坛,梯形会场上,刚刚当上CEO的瓦格纳,身穿浅蓝衬衣黄布裤,一边主持会议,一边跑上跑下为发言的代表传递话筒的情形至今历历在目。其后,我几乎每年到国外参加一次通用的全球会议,主题有设计、氢能源、产品战略,和瓦格纳有过多次的交流。我感受最深的,是这位全球最大车企的CEO几乎不会 “摆谱”,端着盘子排队吃自助餐,把座位让给媒体,自己站在会场后面听技术讲座。这在中国企业界几乎是不可能的。他还擅于倾听,我对卡迪拉克引进中国的建议,通用、上汽合作开发混合动力大巴的建议,与他本来的计划都是相左的,但是他听得进去,评估之后都采纳了。而且在大会上公开说:一位媒体朋友的建议,改变了我们的看法。以后他见到我,第一句话常常是:李先生,有什么新的建议给我。

十年,他尽力了

说通用不注重新能源车的开发,有些不大公平。中国人见过的第一辆电动车,就是通用的 “大冲击”,1990年代初第一次在北京亮相;后来在汕头的一个海岛上专门建立了电动车试验场,提供商品化车型的就是通用和丰田。近些年,在瓦格纳直接推动下,通用积极开发插电式电动车,实际上是一种以电动为主的双模混合动力车。对于节能减排的终极方案氢动力车,通用在全球汽车业投入最大,走得最远,氢燃料电池技术最成功,汽车原来的变速箱、传动系统都被电子模块所替代,是目前接近商品化的产品,已经可以说是 “重新定义”的汽车。瓦格纳还积极推动了通用品牌的重组和产品市场全球化的进程,通过模块化的 “架构”开发,为通用系各个品牌在不同市场提供满足消费者不同需求的车型。通过收购大宇,通用又成功地进入原来缺门的小型车领域。

瓦格纳也是推动中国汽车现代化进程的少数外国人之一。在世纪之交,他和当时的董事长史密斯一起,顶着压力,拍板在上海合资建设通用在全球最现代化的工厂。上海通用不但同步引进了别克最新的车型,而且建立了中国第一家合资汽车研发中心。至今上海通用、上汽通用五菱依然是中国最成功的轿车企业之一。瓦格纳还是上海市长的咨询顾问之一,从1999年起,几乎每年都要来中国。本来,他说好要来上海参加今年的国际车展。

押宝资本市场看走了眼

这些年,在国内外见到瓦格纳,明显感到他日渐憔悴,他仍然笑着,却已不那么轻松。曹雪芹在 《红楼梦》里说得好: “大有大的难处。”通用保持全球汽车业老大地位已经大半个世纪,老态尽显。庞大的退休职工福利日益不堪重负,加上强势的美国汽车工人联合会 (UAW)不断展开加薪加福利的斗争连连胜利,让包括通用在内的美国汽车”三大”的劳务成本,比日本对手高出70%。加上新能源、新技术的庞大开发费用,财务状况日渐捉襟见肘。首席财务官出身的瓦格纳,只好把宝押在华尔街,希望玩 “概念”从资本市场获得投资,以支撑现金流。然而始料不及的金融海啸排山倒海,让瓦格纳此前的一切努力化为乌有。在获得政府第一笔财政援助后,瓦格纳还希望债权人同意将270亿美元债务的三分之二 “债转股”,无奈债权人和工会都不买账。大限已到,整改无望,悲情瓦格纳只好下课。

瓦格纳辞职当天,奥巴马在白宫说:汽车业是美国经济的支柱之一,美国不应该让该产业就此消失。但他也警告,如果通用和克莱斯勒不能制定一个更有效、力度更大的重组计划,美国政府有可能选择让其寻求”破产保护”。破产保护不同于破产,它将冻结债务和工会的要求,让企业有一个重组的喘息机会。这两天不断有媒体问我,通用最后破产的可能性有多大?我说,无法预计,取决于通用能否再次获得政府 “输血”。但是无论如何,通用旗下几个主要品牌应该能够通过重组继续生存。

浮躁的中国汽车业可以学到很多

瓦格纳的辞职,实际上为美国政府对通用追加援助款项提供了一个台阶。往深里说,又有哪个个人能为美国汽车的窘境承担责任。一个多世纪以来,全球汽车产业一直在向东转移,从汽车的故乡欧洲,向美国,向日本,向韩国,向中国转移。这是产业结构的一个世纪大转移:上世纪20年代初,福特的流水线生产方式,降低了成本,造就了美国汽车业的爆发式成长;50到80年代,日本靠精益生产方式,千方百计降低成本,提高质量,后来居上;七八年前,又有谁能相信中国会成为全球数一数二的汽车大国。

中国汽车业的成功占了天时地利。但是不能不清醒地看到,眼下还仅仅是靠主打劳动力成本低的优势,品牌、研发、科技等方面刚刚起步。中国汽车业甚至还没有彻底走出散乱差的格局,产业重组路更长,远没有沾沾自喜、幸灾乐祸的资本。认真剖析通用的前车之鉴,其实能让充斥着浮躁的中国汽车业学到很多。

地球越来越小,希望瓦格纳先生今后能常来中国看看。

专栏作家新华社高级记者资深汽车评论人:李安定

汽车摩托车下乡实施方案(全文)

2009年03月13日,星期五

根据《国务院关于印发汽车产业调整和振兴规划的通知》(国发[2009]5号)、国务院办公厅《关于搞活流通扩大消费的意见》(国办发[2008]134号)及国务院第51次常务会议关于摩托车归入汽车下乡补贴渠道的决定,现制定汽车摩托车下乡实施方案如下:

一、政策目标

实施汽车摩托车下乡的宗旨是,提高农民购买能力,加快农村消费升级,改善农民生产生活条件,促进汽车摩托车产品技术更新换代,实现汽车摩托车产业结构优化升级,实现内外需协调发展。

二、政策内容

(一)补贴行为及对象

1、2009年3月1日至12月31日,农民将三轮汽车或低速货车报废并换购轻型载货车(以下简称换购轻型载货车)。享受补贴的轻型载货车每户限换购一辆。报废车辆车主与新换购车辆车主为同一农民。

2、2009年3月1日至12月31日,农民购买1.3升及以下排量微型客车,享受补贴的微型客车每户限购一辆。

3、2009年2月1日至2013年1月31日,农民购买摩托车,享受补贴的摩托车每户限购两辆。

三轮汽车指原三轮农用车;低速货车指原四轮农用车;本方案所称的轻型载货车指总质量大于1.8吨但不超过6吨、至少四个车轮且用于载货的机动车辆;本方案所称的微型客车指发动机排量1.3升及以下、至少四个轮子且用于载客的机动车辆(不含轿车)。

(二)补贴产品及企业的确定

工业和信息化部公布的《车辆生产企业及产品公告》列明的符合上述条件且经过国家强制性认证的轻型载货车、微型客车以及摩托车,均可作为补贴车型;生产上述产品并且同意对产品质量、经销网点、售后服务、价格、销售统计和政策宣传等工作进行承诺并签订责任书的企业,可以参与汽车摩托车下乡产品生产与销售。

换购轻型载货车,需要按国家有关规定办理三轮汽车或低速货车报废。车主应当提供必备的要件,将报废的车辆交售给依法设立的汽车回收企业回收拆解,取得报废汽车回收证明和公安交通管理部门出具的机动车注销证明。

(三)补贴比例及金额

1.对于三轮汽车或低速货车报废并购轻型货车的,按换购轻型载货车销售价格10%给予补贴,换购轻型载货车单价5万元以上的,实行定额补贴,每辆补贴5000元。同时,对报废三轮汽车或低速货车实行定额补贴。报废三轮汽车每辆给予补贴2000元,报废低速货车每辆给予补贴3000元。

2.对购买微型客车,按销售价格10%给予补贴,购买微型客车单价5万以上的,实行定额补贴,每辆补贴5000元。

3. 对购买摩托车车按销售价格13%给予补贴,购买摩托车单价5000元以上的,实行定额补贴,每辆补贴650元。

(四)补贴资金来源

补贴资金由中央财政和省级财政共同负担,其中,中央财政负担80%,省级财政负担20%。

新疆,内蒙古,宁夏,西藏,广西等5个少数民族自治区以及国家确定的”5.12汶川地震”51个重灾县,地方财政应负担的补贴资金由中央财政全额承担。上述地区可根据财力情况,加大对汽车,摩托车下乡的补贴力度。

(五) 补贴资金申报

将三轮汽车或低速货车报废并换购轻型货车的农民,向户口所在地乡镇财政部门申报补贴资金,申报时需提供以下材料:已报废车辆的报废汽车回收证明,机动车注销证明,新购车辆的机动车销售发票,公安交通管理部门出具的机动车行驶证或者机动车登记证书,购买人本人的居民身份证、户口薄或公安部门出具的户籍证明,购买人储蓄存折(可以用粮食直补专用存折)。

购买微型客车,摩托车的农民,向户口所在地乡镇财政部门申报补贴资金,申报时需提供以下材料:公安交通管理部门出具的机动车行驶证或机动车登记证书,机动车销售发票,购买人本人的居民身份证、户口簿或公安部门出具的户籍证明,购买人储蓄存折(可以用粮食直补专用存折)。

乡镇财政部门审核补贴时,除上述证明材料外,还需核查随车附带的”中华人民共和国机动车整车出厂合格证”:”车辆型号”项第一位数字为”1″或”3″或”5″、”总质量(kg)”项大于1800kg但不超过6000kg的,确认为轻型货车;”车辆型号”项为第一位数字为”6″、”排量和功率(ml/kw)”项中排量不超过1300ml的,确认为微型客车。

(六)补贴资金审核拨付

补贴资金实行”乡级审核、乡级兑付”或”乡级审核、县级兑付”。在确保财政资金安全的情况下,尽量采取”乡级审核、乡级兑付”方式,乡镇财政部门对农民申报材料进行审核后,符合补贴要求的,应当在购买人提出申请的15个工作日内将补贴资金直接拨付到购买人储蓄存折账户;不符合补贴要求的,应在购买人申报时立即告知当事人。采取”乡级审核、县级兑付”方式的,乡镇财政部门对农民申报材料进行审核后,符合补贴要求的,报送县级财政部门;不符合补贴要求的,应在购买人申报时立即告知当事人;县级财政部门应当在购买人提出申请的15个工作日内将补贴资金直接拨付到购买人储蓄存折账户。

中央财政应负担的补贴资金实行”事先预拨、事后清算”。根据测算的各省补贴资金规模,财政部将中央财政应负担的补贴资金按80%的比例预拨到省级财政部门。省级财政部门收到中央财政拨付的补贴

资金后,落实地方应负担的补贴资金,在15个工作日内下达补贴资金预算,根据预算及时将不少于50%的补贴资金拨付,其余补贴资金按需求进行拨付。补贴资金通过汽车摩托车下乡补贴信息系统进行审核,按国库集中支付有关规定办理拨款。

每年4月底前,省级财政部门核实汇总本地区上年度补贴资金使用情况,报财政部审核清算。

(七)监督管理

发展改革部门要加强汽车摩托车价格监管,参与汽车摩托车下乡联合监督检查。工业和信息化部门要对汽车摩托车下乡产品及企业准入严格管理。公安交通管理部门要为享受补贴的车辆办理牌证提

供方便、快捷的服务,按规定严格办理登记。商务部门要加强对汽车回收拆解企业的监督管理,防止虚假开具报废汽车回收证明等行为,规范和完善汽车回收拆解网点建设。工商行政管理部门依法加强对汽车摩托车销售市场秩序的监督管理,保护消费者合法权益。质监部门要对汽车摩托车下乡产品和企业加大监督检查力度,严格强制性产品认证管理,严格执行”三包”有关规定,加强缺陷产品召回工作。

享受财政补贴的汽车摩托车下乡产品销售价格,不得高于市场同期同类产品价格。享受财政补贴的汽车两年内不得过户。

地方各级财政、发展改革、工业和信息化、公安、商务、工商、质检等部门要协作配合,加强对补贴资金、车辆报废、购买、转让过户以及市场秩序、价格、产品质量等的管理与监督检查,防止骗取财政补贴资金行为的发生,切实保障农民合法权益。任何单位和个人不得以任何理由截留、挤占、挪用补贴资金,不得拖延兑付时间。

对违反上述有关规定的行为,一经查实,按《财政违法行为处罚处分条例》(国务院令第427号)等规定处理;涉嫌犯罪的,移交司法机关处理。

三、组织实施工作要求

实施汽车摩托车下乡是促进消费拉动内需,应对国际金融危机的一项重大决策,是促进汽车工业健康发展的重要举措,也是一项重要的惠农强农工程。各地要高度重视这项工作。要加强领导和组织工作,增进部门协作,建立工作责任机制,责任落实到人,把实施工作抓细抓实,统筹协调好各个环节。要根据本地区实际制定具体操作办法,指导基层有序开展各项工作。要落实好地方配套资金,并督促将补贴资金及时拨付到农民手中。要建立监督检查制度,及时发现问题,解决问题,及时改进相关工作。要加大政策宣传力度,让农民家喻户晓,要经常深入基层调研,了解实施情况,及时总结提出完善政策建议,把好事办好,全面落到实处。

50亿新能源汽车项目启动 与一线客车企业无缘

2009年03月9日,星期一

国家节能与新能源汽车大规模推广应用工程已于11月底正式启动。据了解,在这一以公共交通工具为主、计划投资超过50亿元的我国首个新能源汽车大规模示范运行项目中,公交客车将是主要采购对象之一。根据科技部的有关精神,参与该项目的城市在采购车辆时应首选国家”863″计划项目团队成果。这意味着,没有承担这类项目的”一通三龙”(宇通、大金龙、苏州金龙、厦门金旅)可能无法从中分一杯羹。

“一通三龙”冷对新能源汽车热?

近一两年,新能源汽车领域越来越热闹,几乎所有国内外主流汽车企业都参与了进来。但在我国,处于客车行业第一梯队的”一通三龙”却相对沉寂。在今年的北京奥运节能与新能源汽车示范运行中,人们没有见到这四家企业的产品。在各类新能源汽车论坛上,记者也很少见到这四家企业的代表。

是他们不重视新能源汽车的开发吗?面对这一问题,四家客车企业的相关人士均予以否认。

据厦门金旅企划部相关人士介绍,该公司在2005年12月就研制出第一代混合动力客车。在去年北京公交集团采购的10辆混合动力客车中,有2辆是金旅的产品。早在1997年,大金龙就与国内相关机构合作,研发出串联式混合动力中型客车。宇通开始研发混合动力客车的时间也比较早,目前有1辆车在广州进行模拟运行,郑州、北京分别有2辆在进行示范运行。苏州金龙技术中心主任助理李江告诉记者,他们一直与清华大学、上海神力等机构合作,致力于氢燃料客车的研发。2006年首辆样车在上海投入试运行,加一次氢气能连续行驶120~250公里。

国家”863″项目由学院派主导

虽然”一通三龙”都声称重视新能源汽车的开发,但在新能源客车示范运行及逐步推广的过程中,他们并没有占据主导地位。企业人士认为,这与他们未能入选国家”863″计划”节能与新能源汽车”重大项目有很大关系。

宇通已经连续几年申请国家”863″计划项目。在今年的国家”863″计划”新能源汽车大规模产业化”项目中,该公司也提交了申请,但据说未能通过专家组审查。该公司副总工程师吴晓光分析说,国家”863″计划项目一般是捆绑申请,宇通捆绑的平台可能不那么”强势”,因而未能通过审查。

大金龙有关负责人对记者说:”我们一直在积极申请国家‘863′计划项目,但就是进不去。我们也很着急。”

记者在翻阅历届国家”863″计划项目名单时发现,清华大学、北理工、同济大学等科研机构在很多项目中都是牵头单位,是电池、电机和控制系统等核心部件研发单位,参与的很多客车企业仅负责提供整车。”国家‘863′计划项目向来由学院派主导,科研单位的话语权远远大于主流客车企业。”某客车企业技术负责人说。

这种状况在一定程度上挫伤了部分企业研发新能源客车的积极性。吴晓光说:”即使得不到‘863′项目的支持,我们也不会放弃对新能源客车的研发,但工作难度要大很多。”

先进技术与市场需求相结合 是长期课题

“一通三龙”在新能源客车推广中处于被动状态,一方面说明我国主流客车制造商在技术引导上缺乏主动性和话语权,另一方面也暴露出我国新能源客车推广工作与市场需求的联系还不够紧密。

“我国客车制造业一直以运营商为导向,制造商的很大一部分精力用于适应运营商的要求,主流客车企业更是如此。因此,他们不可能投入太多人力、物力发展新能源汽车这类暂时见不到市场效应的产品。”重庆交通大学交通运输学院教授王健说。

王健认为,现阶段,我国新能源汽车的示范运行并不是由市场真实需求推动的。客车用户关心的是在提高车辆运行效率的同时,保证采购和使用成本最小化。目前看,绝大多数新能源客车难以让用户满意。

据了解,”一通三龙”在我国大中型客车市场的份额已超过40%,而且呈逐年上升趋势。中国客车统计信息网首席分析师佘振清认为,研制新能源客车需要技术底蕴。”一通三龙”在整车设计、配套和成本控制等方面具有明显优势,我国的新能源客车要真正走向市场,离不开这些一线企业的参与。

来源:新浪汽车

通用汽车生存能力遭质疑 供应商阴云笼罩

2009年03月6日,星期五

来自汽车业和会计行业的官员上周称,如果和预期的一样,通用汽车公司的审计机构对该公司的生存能力有所怀疑的话,由此可能产生的连锁反应将致使银行取消与通用汽车供应商的贷款协议。在眼下汽车业正遭遇几十年来最严重的大灾难时,这将使供应商面临的问题进一步加剧。

位于底特律郊区的原始设备供应商协会主席Neil De Koker说, 审计机构向通用汽车发出生存能力警告,将增加供应商的审计机构出于风险考虑对通用汽车向供应商的偿付能力进行审核的可能性。De Koker补充道,这可能促使审计机构对供应商自身的生存能力产生怀疑。”由此可能引发雪崩似的连锁反应。”

通用汽车在上周表示,审计机构将对其可能无法继续生存的风险进行评估,并可能向这家汽车制造商发出”持续经营”的警告。

“怀疑重重”

位于美国底特律郊区的一家会计公司Plante & Moran LLC公司的职业标准总监Greg Coursen说,当审计机构”严重怀疑”一家公司的生存能力时,将会发出”持续经营”警告。

会计师事务所Grant Thornton LLP公司的全球汽车实践联合领导人Kimberly Rodriguez说,如果供应商客户收到”持续经营”警告,为供应商提供资金支持的银行可据此解除与该供应商的贷款及信贷协议。

Rodriguez说:”也就是说,签订其他商业合同的借款人和利益相关者将有机会取消合约或更改条款。”她说,大部分借贷合同都将”持续经营”通知列为”违约事件”。

Rodriguez说,至于此事对供应商将产生何种影响,要看政府是否会向通用汽车、克莱斯勒及其供应基础伸出援手。

李尔亮起红灯

汽车座椅供应商李尔公司在上周的报告中称,鉴于当前的行业状况及其主要信贷工具方面发生的违约,预期他们将收到审计机构发出的有关”持续经营”的警告。李尔公司表示正在设法重新协商此类信贷工具,但未详述审计机构可能报告的内容。李尔公司已请求延长其提交年度审计报告的时间。

De Koker说,由于通用汽车和克莱斯勒的现金危机,加上去年12月至今年2月北美汽车业大规模减产,供应商现在更加急需联邦政府伸出援手。

他说,该协会代表在上周向美国政府的汽车专责小组说明了自己的立场。De Koker警告说,如果没有政府的帮助,数千家供应商将面临倒闭或寻求破产保护。

他说,该专责小组正在考虑供应商提出的185亿美元(1270亿元人民币)的援助请求,但未表明是否或将如何提供这笔钱。该协会提出出具支付零部件货款的联邦担保及银行贷款的双重要求,以此帮助供应商度过难关。该协会还请求新增快速付款条款,这样供应商不必再等候45天才能拿到货款了。

另外,总部位于美国佛蒙特州Montpelier的KDP Investment Advisors Inc.公司上周说,供应商伟世通公司也有可能面临破产。这家债务分析公司怀疑,曾是福特汽车公司零部件子公司的伟世通是否能在3月10日为其将在2014年到期的债券支付7%的利息。

伟世通发言人Jim Fisher拒绝透露该公司是否准备支付这笔款项。

但Fisher表示,这笔债券利息总额为1600万美元(1.09亿元人民币),而该公司2008年底的拥有的现金为12亿美元(82亿元人民币)。

AutoNews: David Barkholz and Ryan Beene

广汽菲亚特合资加速 已确定管理层阵容

2009年03月4日,星期三

在《汽车产业调整与振兴规划》点名”组建年产100万规模的汽车企业”的强势推动下,广汽集团与菲亚特的合作遽然提速。据了解,广汽-菲亚特项目正在调集精兵强将,广州本田汽车销售本部副本部长阎建明即将调往广汽-菲亚特项目组任执行负责人,直接受任于广汽集团执行副总、广汽-菲亚特项目分管领导袁仲荣领导。目前,菲亚特多方合资谈判已进展到最后关头,几份合作申请已递交至发改委进行最后审批,包括与奇瑞、广汽成立合资公司,以及与长安铃木的代工协议。消息人士称,合作申请最快本月就会有结果。广汽此举显然意味着广菲合作已然好事相近。阎建明离任后,原职有可能由现任广州丰田广州第一店店长接任。作为广汽商贸最大的业务单元,广州丰田广州第一店从来是广汽商贸的旗舰店。广州本田现任执行副总姚一鸣就曾任广州丰田广州第一店店长

对于中高级车型密集的广汽而言,最缺的短板是小型车和SUV车型。广汽集团的”十一五”规划表明,到2010年广汽集团的目标汽车产量将达到130万辆,实现销售收入2000亿元,届时广汽集团将跻身于全国汽车行业前4名。所以,菲亚特的小车资源、菲亚特与克莱斯勒合作后的SUV和吉普资源据知使广汽深为看好。广汽-菲亚特项目调兵遣将之闻此前不绝于耳,一位与原南汽菲亚特走得很近的人士透露:原南汽菲亚特执行副总茅小明已是广汽-菲亚特公司未来担纲的目标人选,并已被征询过本人的意见。显然,广汽-菲亚特战舰正在集团内外调集密集而广泛的招兵买马,即将升火待发。

据透露,目前正在销售的进口车型领雅(Linea)和朋多(Grande Punto),和一款原”南菲”派力奥(Palio)都已纳入菲亚特与广汽的合资公司产品范畴,但此次广菲合作规划不含阿尔法-罗密欧品牌。去年传出广汽购买阿尔法·罗密欧一套发动机底盘系统并在阿尔法·罗密欧的平台上开发自主高级轿车应该也界定了菲亚特集团旗下在阿尔法·罗密欧品牌与广汽合作目前限定于技术合作的框架之内。此前,菲亚特与奇瑞之间曾签订过《合作谅解备忘录》,奇瑞仅想通过引入阿尔法·罗密欧品牌冲入中高端车领域,双方之间的尚有分歧仍有待磨合。若此次广菲合作规划不含阿尔法-罗密欧品牌消息属实,则菲亚特分兵中国途径已然分明,也为未来的奇-菲合作留铸了空间。

日产汽车全球裁员近2万人 未波及中国

2009年02月10日,星期二

日本第二大汽车生产商日产汽车(NISSAN)昨日宣布,将在全球裁员2万人,以应对全球金融危机的冲击。同时,日产汽车公司9日发表2008财年业绩预期,把净利润从此前的1600亿日元下调为亏损2650亿日元(约合198亿元人民币)。

这2万名裁员将于2009年3月和2010年3月之间进行,将使日产的全球员工数量由目前的23.5万人降至21.5万人,裁员人数占其总员工数的8.5%。但日产表示,在中国肯定不会裁员。

一家欧洲汽车企业驻中国代表处人员分析,日元升值以及美国市场大幅下滑是导致包括日产在内的日本汽车企业亏损的主要原因。

据了解,日产去年10月、11月份间的全球汽车销量为73.1万辆,同比下降18.6%。至今年1月,在美国市场,日产汽车公布其销量下降30%。

日产中国相关人士表示,此次裁员肯定不包括中国。虽然今年整体形势不好,但日产在中国今年还将保持增长,旗下英菲尼迪品牌的销量将保持与去年相同的目标–4000余台,不过,日产和英菲尼迪今年的新车投放数量没有去年多。

东风日产乘用车公司去年全年累计销售汽车35.05万辆,同比增长28.91%,成为去年为数不多的完成销量计划的乘用车企业。而东风日产今年其制定的目标是38.8万辆,预计增幅10%左右。

同时,郑州日产也已确定今年目标为6万辆,并将在今年6月、9月和明年1月推出三款新车。

来源:每日经济新闻 作者:熊国志

通用汽车撤出台湾裕隆通用汽车公司

2008年12月30日,星期二

为收缩战线,减少不必要的开支,通用撤出了在台湾的合资公司。昨天,通用汽车中国公司发出对外通报称,通用已将在裕隆通用公司的股权悉数售予了台湾裕隆汽车,今后裕隆将全权管理裕隆通用。

裕隆通用是通用与台湾裕隆合资的汽车公司,该公司生产和销售别克品牌汽车,此外还销售凯迪拉克和欧宝品牌轿车。

通用在声明中表示,”由于市场变化,以后裕隆通用100%股权归裕隆所有。”不过,通用中国同时强调:”今后通用的别克、欧宝和凯迪拉克将继续由裕隆通用销售。”通用中国没有透露售出股权的价格,但台湾业界称裕隆收购的代价只是象征性的一元新台币。

记者昨天了解到,通用撤出的主要原因是,裕隆计划对裕隆通用进行增资,但通用不愿同步增资,因此干脆将股权出售给裕隆。

通用中国内部人士表示,撤出合资公司并不意味着撤出台湾市场,别克将仍然在台湾生产和销售,欧宝和凯迪拉克继续以进口方式在台湾销售。通用继续通过技术许可的方式授权裕隆通用在台湾生产别克品牌轿车。

民营油企7700亿资产 有望进国家石油储备体系

2008年12月23日,星期二

“希望能将民营企业近2.3亿吨的仓储资产纳入国家石油储备体系。这将为国家节省上千亿元的投资,同时也能盘活我们闲置的油库资产。”中商联石油流通委员会会长赵友山向记者透露,”协会已将相关建议上报给国务院办公厅、发改委和商务部等部门,预计有望于近期获得答复。”

12月19日,WTI原油期货1月合约收于33.87美元/桶

12月22日,国家发改委能源研究所所长韩文科告诉记者,”从现在的国际原油价格水平来看,买进(原油)是不错的(时机),但具体操作也要考虑目前原油储备的容量情况。”

这让处在破产边缘的民营油商们看到了转机,他们期盼能从中分一杯羹。

原油储备良机  在向国务院相关部门递交的《关于加大进口石油 建立国家能源战略储备机制的建议报告》中,中商联石油委表示,”建立我国的石油战略储备机制,除了中石油、中石化等国有大型石油集团以外,还应该充分发挥民营石油企业的进口和储备能力。”

当下俨然是进行石油储备的良机。

一位专家向记者透露,国家能源局刚刚开完”国际石油价格高级专家研讨会”,国际能源署、普氏集团、BP石油公司等高级专家,对明年石油市场供求走势和价格进行了分析预测。

“会议得出的结论是:在世界范围内,石油将继续保持其在所有燃料中的主导地位,但是能源投资以及供应的前景具有不确定性。石油价格还将具有不稳定性,但廉价石油时代已经结束。”上述专家说。”目前的经济衰退正在抑制石油需求,但石油市场在中期将面临供应紧张以及价格反弹的风险。”

中投证券分析师芮定坤认为,从全球范围看,平均的开采成本在20美元以上,加上税金,超过30美元,因此油价保持在40美元左右将是不影响供给的底线。如果油价长期低于40美元,将会影响OPEC国家和其他国家石油开采的资本投入,油价未来有大幅上涨的风险。

《报告》也指出,经济危机结束三年之后,国际原油价格很可能会涨到160到180美元一桶的新高点。

对此,中商联石油委认为,”如果到了那个时候我国再从国外进口石油,必定会造成大量的资金浪费。因此,我国应该抓住这次难得的国际油价低迷的大好时机,尽快建立我国的国家战略能源储备机制,趁国际油价处在低位的时机,大规模进口原油,储备起来,这样既可以为国家节约大量资金,也可以在国际油价重新回到高点之时起到平抑国内市场成品油价格的作用。”

事实上,国家石油储备基地早已开建

按照已公布的石油储备资料,中国战略石油储备量目前在200万吨至300万吨之间。根据规划,这一数字在2010年前将增至1200万吨,相当于1个月的进口量;2020年,将增至相当于3个月进口量的水平,达到国际能源署的建议标准。

对此,一位不愿透露姓名的民营油商向记者表示,在油价重回高位之前,国家可以利用现有的民营仓储资产加快进行原油储备,节省时间成本和经济成本。”现在很多地区都在申报原油储备基地,即使不考虑(新建油库)需要的建设周期,但这是否有重复建设的嫌疑?”

清华大学中国国情研究中心管清友认为,国家石油储备体系应当是包括国家、地方等在内的多层次、多元化储备体系,民营石油储备能力可以作为这一体系的补充力量。

或可盘活7700亿资产

对于民营油商而言,争取进入国家石油储备体系已是当务之急。

目前,大多数民营批发企业已处在破产的边缘,成品油下调与否和他们已无关系,因为”大部分油库在很长时间里一滴油都没有。”

据中商联石油委统计,我国的民营石油批发企业有663家,总储量约为2.3亿吨,总投资为7700亿元。但据2008年的初步调查,全国石油民营批发企业已经关门、倒闭了2/3。

“现在我国民营石油企业2.3亿吨的总储油量中,能够得到充分利用的库存容量仅为几十万吨,不到总量的百分之一,剩余的库存容量都被闲置了,而且每年的维护、管理也需要高昂的费用。”赵友山说。”再不利用的话,这些油库就要变成废铁了。”

对此,管清友认为,如果2.3亿吨总储量的数据精确无误,民营石油较强的储备能力可堪利用。

《报告》也指出,如果充分调动起来这些资源,藏油于民间,那么一方面可以避免重复建设造成的浪费;另一方面这些石油储量可以供应我国将近一年的石油消耗,一旦国际形势有变,这些石油就可以在保证国家能源安全方面发挥重大作用。

根据管清友的估算,发改委发布的第二阶段的投资储备量2680万立方米石油相当于2358万吨石油(1立方米石油等于0.88~0.92吨石油)。

而按照赵友山提供的数据,一座20万吨的油库造价超过2亿元,这意味着如果国家将二期计划石油储备量全部交由民营油商来完成,在时间成本之外还可以节省超过236亿元的资本支出。

“(民营油库进入国家石油储备体系)还可以解决大量就业问题,维护社会稳定。同时,民企在获得稳定的收入后,也可以还清银行的欠款。”赵友山补充说。

关于具体的操作思路,中商联石油委指出,”可以由国家出面,租用民营石油企业的油库储存石油。”

但管清友认为,民营仓储资产若被纳入国家石油储备体系,油库分散的现状势必将给国家带来管理上的难题。从资源管理和储备安全的角度考虑,未来国有储备油库仍将是石油储备体系的主体,但民营油库有望获得部分储备份额。

对此,赵友山表示,国家可以将民营石油企业的石油进口与储存纳入到国家统一规范管理之中,建立完善的监管运行机制,”石油流通委员会愿配合政府相关部门做好对民营石油企业的监督、管理与检查工作。”

21世纪经济报道 骆毅

Tata to roll out fewer Nano

2008年12月22日,星期一

CHENNAI — Good news first: Your wait for the ‘people’s car’ Nano is about to get over. The bad news is that Tata Motors will produce only fewer numbers of the car as it is not going to roll out from Gujarat.”We are looking at something to bring it (out) as fast as possible … kind of an interim arrangement … from one of our existing plants. These will be small quantities. Let a few customers at least have a touch and feel of the car,” Ravi Kant, the company’s managing director told TOI.

“If you think the Nano is going to come out of Gujarat, the answer is no,” Ravi Kant said. “This is in the sense that it is already delayed. It will take more than a year (to roll out from Gujarat),” he added.

The much-awaited launch, company officials said, would be in between January and March next year. They also said Nano will roll out from Tata Motors’ plant in Pantnagar, Uttarakhand.

The Nano project was hit hard because Tata Motors had to shift its plant from Singur in West Bengal to Sanand in Gujarat in October.

“Larger quantities of the car will be rolled out from Sanand after a year or so,” Kant said. He, however, refused to quantify the number of cars that are likely to be manufactured at the ‘interim location’.

Commenting on the present economic situation, Ravi Kant said India can get over the worst, if the government, industry and banks engage in a collaborative effort but added that the scale of measures should be increased. “The economic package announced is just too small. The government is doing things in a very small manner. In this kind of situation, the government should go for big-bang approach.”

Banks should also be lending out the extra liquidity that the government has provided them. “They (banks) need to release the money. They have addressed their balance sheet but haven’t passed on this money for lending operations. People who want to buy commercial vehicles, are not being able to do so without help,” the Tata Motors chief said. More than 50% of Tata Motors’ revenues come from medium and heavy commercial vehicle (CV) sales.

He also suggested that the implementation of existing laws such as scrapping of old vehicles and law on overloading can put the CV industry on growth path. “We do not need new laws. Even if you were to begin following the laws that are there, it would be equal to doing tremendous set of initiatives. That would take care of the demand,” he said.

GM Holden to build new small car

2008年12月22日,星期一

CANBERRA — GM Holden is expected to announce it will produce a fuel-efficient, four-cylinder car at its Adelaide plant – the first small vehicle to roll off the assembly line in South Australia in decades.

While the company would not confirm details, it is expected to make the commitment today after securing backing under the Rudd Government’s new $6 billion car plan.

Today’s announcement, to be attended by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and Industry Minister Kim Carr – armed with taxpayer support – follows a weekend rescue plan for Holden’s ailing parent company, General Motors, in the US.

US President George Bush ordered that a $US17.4 billion ($A25 billion) lifeline be given to GM and Chrysler after the two warned they would slide into bankruptcy due to cash-flow problems exacerbated by the global financial crisis.

The cash lifeline for GM in the US is a big confidence-building measure, given that the collapse of the Detroit car giant would have had ramifications around the world, including for Holden and its employees.

The stabilisation measure in the US will be followed by today’s positive announcement by Holden, after a similar move by Ford to switch production to a smaller car, the Focus, in 2011.

Ford has also reversed the planned closure of an engine plant at Geelong after $13 million in Commonwealth support.

The Government last week finalised key details of its $6.2billion car plan, and appointed a council, comprising politicians, car makers, unions and others, to guide the plan’s implementation.

Senator Carr has insisted for weeks that Holden’s position at its Elizabeth plant in Adelaide was better than it appeared given the turmoil in the US and local production slowdowns.

Canberra has been using its new car plan, which includes a $1.3 billion “green” fund, to encourage the industry to make medium and long-term production commitments in Australia.

Japanese giant Toyota has already secured backing from the fund to make a hybrid version of the Camry in Melbourne.

Holden produces the Commodore in Adelaide but has not produced a smaller vehicle there since the 1980s.

Consumers have largely fallen out of love with large family sedans and SUVs, with sales for both vehicle categories declining this year.

The global financial crisis has also hit car sales, as families put off large purchases because of a shortage of credit and concerns about job security. The outlook remains troubling for next year, with forecasts of further declines in sales.

东风日产2009年计划产销39万

2008年12月22日,星期一

如果仅仅看东风日产和东风本田,你会丝毫感受不到车市正经历着前所未有的寒冬。

异乎寻常的高速增长让东风日产信心一再膨胀,进军第一集团军的心情也因此更为急切。日前,东风日产总经理大谷俊明在上海宣布,2009年销量将在今年基础上再增加4万~5万辆,增长近15%。

全行业的衰退与东风日产近乎奇迹一般的增长形成一副奇异的景象,业内不断怀疑与考量着东风日产的超常规增长从何而来。然而,在2009年车市”零增长”,甚至”负增长”已经成为共识,东风日产能否战胜需求萎缩、逆市实现宏大的计划目标仍然需要时间来检验。

超乎寻常的计划

“几乎可以肯定达成今年的销售目标(34.5万辆),明年要在此基础上再增长4万~5万辆。”大谷俊明微笑着说。在今年9月以来到11月的4次采访中,大谷俊明脸上始终挂着轻松明快的笑容。与国内其他汽车公司老总愁眉不展对比,大谷俊明的轻松就是东风日产销量的最好写照。

刚刚过去的11月,全国乘用车销量同比下滑幅度超过10%,22家主流厂家的下滑幅度达到16%,创6年以来的最大跌幅。但东风日产当月同比增长60%,销量为33417辆,并晋级国内乘用车公司排名前三。截至目前,东风日产是全国第一家,也是唯一一家公开宣布2009年要实现大幅增长的汽车企业。

按照此前东风日产发布的计划,到2011~2012年,东风日产年销售量将超过50万辆;未来五年中导入7款以上的新车;发动机产能到2010年从现在的36万台/年扩建到48万台/年;销售网点数量由现在的457家扩充到2010年的620家。

“新上市的奇骏将带来3万辆的增量,其他七款车只要维持今年的水平,计划目标就可以达成。”大谷俊明如是说。在整体市场增幅大幅度放缓的压力之下,1~11月份,SUV市场的增幅仍然高达30%以上。所以,奇骏试图通过一系列的措施来推动东风日产的增量,不久之前,奇骏和国家海洋局合作,奇骏将和南极考察队一起远征南极,成为第一款亮相在极寒大陆的国产量产SUV,以此证明奇骏的出色越野性能。

不过,这并不意味着东风日产可以轻松地在2009年实现4万~5万辆的增量。统计显示,12月上半月,车市再度出现5%的下滑,再次预示”牛市”告别, 2008年最后的黄金期已经宣告离去。12月作为全年销售最高点,历来是厂商冲刺的最后机会。全年销量最高点的逝去,预示着2009年消费预期依然不明朗,车市回暖的希望还很渺茫。

蓝鸟或将复活

“对于明年的市场,一方面要继续推出一定数量的新车来推动市场和吸引消费者,另外一方面,我们将要挖掘现有车型的潜力。”不久前,出席东风日产奇骏赞助南极考察仪式的东风日产副总经理任勇对记者表示。

12月13日,东风日产今年最后一款新车骐达nismo上市。这款以赛车运动为特征的改款车售价比原款高1.8万元,为12.48万~16.78万元。在2009年,东风日产仍然要启动”新车拉动销量”的战略。”2009年还会有几款车上市,但都是改款车,没有全新的车型。”东风日产内部人士透露。

反观2008年东风日产强劲的增长,新车拉动作用不可忽视。新款天籁稳定在月销5000辆的水平,逍客与奇骏每年要贡献超过5万辆的销量。加上异常稳定的骐达/颐达兄弟,东风日产的高速增长就这样形成。可以说,骐达/颐达是东风日产高速增长的基石,天籁、逍客则是锦上添花。

这样的布局暗合任勇”重点打造三款年销量10万辆左右的明星产品”的思路。任勇表示,骐达/颐达系列和天籁是三款年销量10万辆明星车中的两款,另外一款定位于15万元区间。

最后一款被认为是蓝鸟-轩逸。轩逸于2006年上市,为经典车型蓝鸟的替代产品。但销量并未达到此前蓝鸟的高度,目前月均销量为4000辆左右。东风有限高层曾向《第一财经日报》暗示,并未放弃”蓝鸟”,仍然在寻找蓝鸟崛起的机会。据悉,东风日产一直有意把已经淡出的蓝鸟品牌重新复合的可能。

蓝鸟在许多消费者心中留下了诸多美好的印象,所以一旦蓝鸟有机会重新复合,对于部分消费者来说也将多出一种选择。

第一财经日报 唐柳杨

GM, Chrysler discuss linkup

2008年12月21日,星期天

General Motors Corp. and Chrysler LLC have reopened talks on combining some of their businesses, as Chrysler owner Cerberus Capital Management LP has signaled its willingness to give away part of its ownership in the auto maker, say people familiar with the discussions.

With cash running low at both car companies, Cerberus took the initiative to restart discussions that sputtered just weeks ago. At that time, both GM and Chrysler viewed a business combination as impractical and as a distraction from their mounting liquidity problems. The auto makers’ finance arms — GMAC LLC and Chrysler Financial — have been the chief focus in any recent discussions of a combination of businesses. The discussions are one of many options on the table.

The renewal of the talks could be a way for Cerberus to show Washington — which is weighing a $14 billion rescue package for the auto industry — that it wants to cooperate in restructuring the industry, say people familiar with the buyout firm’s thinking. And it could offer the firm a way to protect its stakes in GMAC and Chrysler Financial, the two distressed auto-finance companies, which are crucial to the survival of the Detroit auto makers.

GM on Thursday denied a report in The Wall Street Journal that talks had been restarted.

Cerberus holds a majority stake in GMAC, GM’s former finance unit. It also controls Chrysler’s Chrysler Financial unit. Part of Cerberus’s strategy, say people briefed on the matter, is to protect its majority investments in these two units.

A person familiar with the GM-Chrysler talks said that Cerberus is eager to make concessions in order to arrange a combination of Chrysler’s finance arm with that of GM. One way in which Cerberus might make concessions could be to give away some of its principals’ stakes in Chrysler as part of a broader restructuring. That could mean giving a future government auto czar discretion to distribute Cerberus’ stake to the United Auto Workers union or even to GM.

“That is one of the core goals,” this person said. In order to achieve that end, according to this person, Cerberus feels it has to be flexible on the use of its ownership stake in Chrysler.

It isn’t clear what effect the renewed talks might have on the intricate political calculus hanging over a government rescue of the auto makers. Wednesday, Chrysler said it would suspend output at all 30 of its plants for a month starting Friday.

Earlier this month, Congress pressed Cerberus to inject fresh capital into Chrysler as part of any rescue plan. So far, the firm has rejected the idea, saying shareholders of rivals GM and Ford Motor Co. aren’t being asked to contribute more capital, and that its investment charter prohibits such a move.

Cerberus’s equity in Chrysler has already been valued at zero by Daimler AG, which still owns 19.9% of the auto maker. But Cerberus hopes lawmakers would view flexibility on its stake as a contribution to the restructuring of the troubled industry, says a person familiar with its thinking.

Chrysler is asking the government for a $7 billion bridge loan by Dec. 31. The company told lawmakers earlier this month that the financing required for even a short bankruptcy would be higher — between $12 billion and $15 billion for a proceeding lasting just one year. But its argument got a harsh reception from many lawmakers who questioned why Cerberus couldn’t provide the financing.

For now, the White House isn’t planning to force GM or Chrysler into bankruptcy as a condition for receiving government aid, an option that had been on the table earlier, people familiar with the matter said. The administration is still wrestling with how much money to give the auto makers and how long the aid should last, according to one of these people. On Thursday, White House press secretary Dana Perino discussed the possibility of an “orderly” bankruptcy. “The president is not going to allow a disorderly collapse of the companies,” Ms. Perino said, according to the Associated Press. But she added, “There’s an orderly way to do bankruptcies that provides for more of a soft landing.”

Chrysler Financial and GMAC are constrained by the tight credit markets. Because they could be classified as banks, they are central to Detroit’s argument for receiving government money from the Troubled Asset Relief Program, set up for the financial industry.

One developing problem in the auto makers’ pursuit of government rescue funds is the state of Chrysler’s collateral. Unlike GM, which has assets it can pledge or use as collateral for a federal loan, Cerberus is believed to have pledged all of Chrysler’s assets in the summer of 2007 as security for $10 billion in bank debt.

GM, by contrast, could pledge its substantial operations in Europe, China and elsewhere, along with trademarks.

布什宣布将提供174亿美元紧急贷款救助美国汽车业

2008年12月20日,星期六

美国总统布什19日宣布,美国政府将提供紧急贷款以救援陷入困境的美国汽车业。

据悉,这项贷款总计174亿美元,是从总额为7000亿美元的金融救援方案中拨出的,其中134亿美元将在本月和下个月到位。

通用汽车公司将获得94亿美元,克莱斯勒汽车公司将获得40亿美元。福特公司则表示暂不需要政府的紧急帮助。

另外40亿美元需在布什政府或接任的奥巴马政府从国会获得金融救援方案的第二部分资金之后才能到位。

作为条件,接受救援的美国汽车公司必须在3个月内拿出以实现自立为目标的改革计划。如果在3月31日之前拿不出计划,汽车公司必须归还政府的贷款。

布什当天上午发表讲话说,让汽车公司倒闭不是一个负责任的做法。在目前这种形势下,汽车公司破产不可能有助于汽车行业,同时还会给”美国人带来无法接受的痛苦打击”。

美国政府提供紧急贷款的决定是在国会参议院本月11日否决了总额为140亿美元的汽车业救援方案之后作出的。这一方案此前已获得众议院批准。

受高油价、金融危机以及经济衰退等多种因素冲击,美国汽车业濒临破产困境。美国三大汽车制造商通用、福特和克莱斯勒表示,要渡过目前的难关,它们必须得到340亿美元的短期贷款援助。经济学家认为,美国汽车业积弊甚深,如果要帮助汽车业彻底走出困境,美国政府的援助资金可能将高达1250亿美元。

GM, Ford shares jump on bailout outlook

2008年11月28日,星期五

DETROIT (Reuters) — Shares of General Motors and Ford Motor Co. jumped today after Deutsche Bank said chances have improved for the struggling U.S. automakers to receive a government bailout.

“There is growing concern about the risks to the U.S. economy that would be derived from inaction,” Deutsche Bank analyst Rod Lache said in a research note.

“The proximity of these bailout hearings to the Citigroup bailout may have also tipped the scales somewhat,” Lache said, referring to the massive government rescue of the bank announced Sunday.

Shares of GM, which hit a 70-year low of $1.70 last week, surged 35.1 percent today to close at $4.81 a share — up$1.25 a share on three times the stock’s normal trading volume on the New York Stock Exchange. At one point the stock reached $5.87 before retreating during the afternoon.

Ford shares closed up 29.5 percent, or 49 cents, to $2.15 a share. Trading volume was more than double the daily average.

Lawmakers, who last week rejected pleas from GM, Ford and Chrysler LLC for $25 billion in federal loans and asked the companies to submit detailed turnaround plans, are rescheduled to convene out of session in the week of December 8 to review the plans and consider aid.

Lache said the U.S. automakers would likely present “relatively aggressive” plans to Congress, addressing challenges to both operating costs and revenues.

“We believe winning over skeptics will require U.S. automakers to submit plans that demonstrate an ability to achieve cash flow breakeven at relatively low demand and conservative market share levels,” Lache said.

He added GM could cut its annual fixed costs for North American operations to the low $20 billion range from the current $31 billion, but that would involve “significant execution and timing risks.”

Even if GM is able to restructure outside of bankruptcy, existing shareholders will likely be diluted to near $0 value for the stock, Lache said.

Ford reduces Mazda stake to 13%, raises $540 million

2008年11月19日,星期三

Ford Motor has raised $540 million after selling the bulk of its 33.4 percent stake in Mazda.

Ford’s ownership of Mazda stock has been reduced by 20 percentage points to just over 13 percent, the company said today.

The sale means that Ford will end 12 years of control of Mazda. The U.S. carmaker first took a stake in the Japanese carmaker in 1979.

Mazda jettisoned two of the three executives Ford had installed on its board to better reflect Ford’s diminished stature. Meanwhile, CEO Hisakazu Imaki named 41-year veteran and purchasing head Takashi Yamanouchi his successor, effective November 19. Imaki — Mazda’s first Japanese CEO after a string of four Ford executives — will become chairman.

“Essentially what this means is that Mazda is a Japanese company again,” spokeswoman Yukari Hara said after Mazda called a snap press conference to announce the sell off.

Ford is the latest American automaker dumping stakes in more prosperous Japanese partners to generate badly needed operating funds back home. Just a day earlier, General Motors said it was giving up its 3 percent stake in Suzuki for about $230 million.

Ford said it would continue its partnership with Mazda despite reducing its holding to 13 percent from 33.4 percent.

Mazda and more than 20 of its business partners have bought the Ford shares.

“This agreement allows Ford to raise capital that will help fund our product-led transformation, and at the same time, allows Ford and Mazda to continue our successful strategic relationship in the best interest of both companies,” said Ford CEO Alan Mulally in a statement.

Ford and Mazda will continue their joint ventures as well as the sharing of platforms and powertrains.

Ford will remain Mazda’s largest shareholder.

As part of the ownership change, Mazda said two board members would return to Ford, while Ford executive Philip G. Spender will stay on Mazda’s board as a representative director and executive vice president.

David E. Friedman and Daniel T. Morris have been sent back to Ford. They were replaced by homegrown Mazda executives.

“The sale of Mazda shares by our partner, Ford, will not result in any change in Mazda’s strategic direction and we will continue to accelerate our product-led brand improvement and cost innovation initiatives,” Mazda’s Imaki said.

Reeling from slowing sales, Ford, GM and Chrysler are desperately trying to raise cash to stay alive through the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression.

Slowing auto sales and the global financial crisis have sent shares of Ford plunging, and its coffers are depleted. It reported a worse-than-expected $2.98 billion quarterly operating loss this month.

Mazda’s shares jumped on an earlier Nikkei business daily report that the announcement could come on Tuesday. The stock ended the day 6.4 percent higher at 184 yen.

Ford first took an equity stake in Mazda in 1979 and brought it under its control in 1996 as the Hiroshima-based carmaker struggled to survive.

The partners share vehicle platforms and engineering resources and jointly own assembly plants in the United States, Thailand and China.

Imaki declined to disclose the other buyers of its shares, saying only that there were more than 20 companies.

Media reports have named trading houses Sumitomo Corp and Itochu Corp, auto partsmaker Denso Corp, non-life insurance companies including Tokio Marine Holdings Inc as possible buyers.

Mazda, which had cash or cash equivalents worth 215 billion yen at the end of September, said it would use its own funds to buy back the shares on Wednesday at Tuesday’s closing price of 184 yen.

Analysts have said they expected little short-term change to the relationship between Ford and Mazda given their closely intertwined operations and platform-sharing. Some say having a more stable set of shareholders would be positive for Mazda.

Earlier this year, Ford sold the premium Jaguar and Land Rover brands to India’s Tata Motors Ltd and is said to be looking for a buyer for its Volvo Cars arm.

by John Revill and Hans Greimel, Automotive News 

博世、大众依然坚持发展柴油车

2008年11月19日,星期三

大众汽车集团和罗伯特•博世公司的管理人员表示,尽管中国一位有影响力的部长不支持发展清洁柴油,但他们仍对清洁柴油发动机在中国的未来前景持乐观态度。科技部部长万钢在两周前称,他已获得中国政府其他部门对发展混合动力汽车以及未来燃料电池车的支持。万钢希望通过电动车和混合动力车来减少中国的污染及对进口油品的依赖。

博世中国区总裁彭德园(Peter Pang)说:”清洁柴油是一种成熟的技术,能立即且显著地产生减排和节燃效果。”他在中欧国际工商学院于11月6日召开的中国汽车工业论坛上发表了讲话。

清洁柴油对节燃效果的提升与油电混合技术相差无几,但所需成本更低。欧洲汽车制造商们一直在积极游说在中国大规模采用该技术,目前欧洲市售的轿车中,有一半以上由清洁柴油驱动

但他们在中国推广柴油车及技术的努力遭遇阻力的原因有二。 其一,中国的柴油供应短缺。如果推广柴油车,势必将给对农民原本就较少的柴油供应造成压力,而只有满足农民的需求才能保证社会的稳定。其二,更新全国各地的老旧炼油厂来生产清洁柴油需要投入数千亿元人民币(数百亿美元),这笔钱由谁来支付呢?目前,北京是全国唯一一个强制性销售达到欧4排放标准的清洁柴油的地方。上月,北京市政府不得不顶着公众压力将柴油价格调高4%,以弥补高昂的柴油供应成本。

万钢之所以支持混合动力技术而不是清洁柴油则是出自第三个原因:混合动力传动系统与蓄电池及燃料电池电传动系统共用某些关键技术,而万钢将电动车视为中国汽车发展的长期解决方案。

尽管如此,彭德园在会上发表宣扬清洁柴油的讲话时仍充满乐观。

在幻灯片演示环节中,他援引中国国家信息中心的一项预测说,到2017年,中国有3~5%的乘用车将由柴油驱动,远高于目前的不到0.5%。

彭德园认为,农业效率的提高–这一领域现占全国柴油消费总量的三分之一–将有助于缓解柴油短缺的问题。他补充说,减少发电和铁路所用的柴油也将具有相同的效果。

彭德园说,在供应方面,来自中国政府的消息显示,国内主要的炼油企业中国石油化工股份有限公司(中石化)已投资扩大产能,足以每年生产2亿吨清洁柴油。

他说:”柴油在中国消费者眼中的形象不太好。除此之外没有其他方面的阻碍。我们只需努力把柴油比汽油更清洁、动力更强的一面展现在公众面前就行了。”

彭德园还说,博世有7-9家客户现正与博世联手开发清洁柴油车型 ,均为中国本土汽车制造商 。他说:”国外汽车制造商的态度是,他们拥有这方面的技术,只要市场一旦形成规模,他们将立即进入其中。”

彭德园拒绝证实博世的中国本土客户是否已制订了确切的量产计划,或他们与博世的合作是否仅限于原型车。

他说:”对于从产品开发入手的任何汽车项目,在那之后总能获得生产订单。”

在所有汽车制造商中,大众集团是在中国发展清洁柴油最坚定的支持者,而且已向上海赞助了两个车队的柴油驱动出租车以展示该技术的优势。

大众集团在华战略与企业发展副总裁许健也出席了此次会议。

当问到最近的变化是否促使大众推迟其在华生产清洁柴油车的计划时,他说:”唯一的影响是,对高品质燃油供应阻碍的克服过程将比我们预期的更长一些。”

当征求许健对万钢不支持清洁柴油的看法时,他说:”虽然部分政府部门非常支持混合动力及电动车,但我不认为政府会放弃清洁柴油。不同政府官员的观点也不同。他们还有待解决内部分歧, 最终达成一致的解决办法。”

彭德园还强调说,只有当中央政府内部协商一致时,才能针对新能源汽车制订出一套完善的政策。

他说:”就这点而言,如今的中国政府是相当民主的。”

然而,有迹象表明万钢的拥护者正在增多。11月7日(周五),他在天津召开的大型行业会议–2008中国汽车产业发展国际论坛的第一天发表了主题演讲。

据与会者透露,万钢在会上说,科技部已获得与汽车关系最为密切的其他两个政府机构的支持:即财政部和中国主要的经济规划部门–国家发展和改革委员会。

万钢说,科技部、财政部以及国际发改委将联手发展电动车,既研究面向中期的混合动力关键技术,也研究面向未来的燃料电池等战略性技术,但没有提到清洁柴油。

万钢还说,同样重要的是,他已与财政部达成一致。税收减免及补贴对推动新能源汽车的发展很重要。万钢说会借鉴美日在推广节能与新能源汽车方面好的做法,推动实施节能与新能源汽车扶持和激励的政策。但没有提到向欧洲学习,因为欧洲鼓励发展清洁柴油。

Skoda to open factory in Ho Chi Minh City

2008年11月18日,星期二

Czech Republic’s Skoda Auto intended to open a factory in Ho Chi Minh City, Trade and Industry Minister Martin Riman told Ho Chi Minh City officials on Thursday.Riman hoped that with the opening of the new factory, Vietnam would provide automobiles, parts, and repair services to other countries. He added that the new venture would contribute to Vietnam’s rapidly growing economy.

During the meeting, Nguyen Trung Tin, deputy head of the city’s People’s Committee, said that the State-owned Sai Gon Transportation Mechanical Corporation (Samco) will act as Skoda Auto’s local partner.

India carmakers speed up for new launches

2008年11月18日,星期二

Car companies are hoping to buck the slowdown by launching new models to push sales from January. Industry majors like Maruti Suzuki, Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M), Hyundai India have all lined up launches in the next few weeks and months hoping to generate reasonable volumes.

Maruti Suzuki, the country’s largest car maker with a market share of about 45 per cent, will launch the A Star model this month. Being the biggest volume player, the company is amongst the worst hit from the slump in demand with sales growth slowing to less than 3 per cent in April-October.

“A Star is a very significant launch for us because it is one of the strategic global models from Suzuki Motors. It will help us increase volumes,” said Mayank Parekh, executive officer, marketing and sales, Maruti Suzuki India.

Analysts agree. “Although December will be a slow month, sales are expected to gather pace eventually,” said S Ramanath, auto analyst, SSKI Securities.

He added that Maruti has lost market share in the compact segment with potential Zen Estilo buyers opting for Hyundai’s i10. The company has lost an overall volume of 10,000 cars to competitors. “With the A Star coming in, the company should post additional sales of 4,000 to 5,000 units a month,” Ramanath reckoned.

Similarly, the country’s largest sports utility vehicle maker M&M, will be launching the Xylo (formerly Ingenio), a multi-purpose vehicle, in the second week of December. This will be the company’s first new multi-purpose vehicle product offering after Scorpio.

“We are of the conscious view that there will be no benefits in postponing the launch of the Xylo any further. You are better off with a new product during this season,” said Rajesh Jejurikar, chief of operations, M&M. “We hope to see improved liquidity around January which will help buying conditions,” he added.

The company will produce over 2,000 Xylos a month, which accounts for over 20 per cent of its monthly sales of multi utility vehicles.

Others like Hyundai and Fiat, which have enjoyed double-digit growth so far this year, will launch one new product each in December and January. Hyundai will launch the i20 while Fiat will launch the Linea sedan.

“We are expecting to sell around 1,250 i20s every month. We expect the credit squeeze on loans to ease and interest rate to drop by January when the new product will hit the market,” said a senior Hyundai executive.

The current month is not expected to post healthy growth for the car industry because leading financiers like ICICI, HDFC, Kotak and Axis have not cut lending rates for auto loans. Besides, many buyers have either cancelled bookings or postponed purchase till next year.

“There will be a positive impact from the new launches, though one should not expect it to be significant. Sentiments are still down and it could take time for a complete revival,” said Yezdi Nagporewala, head, industrial markets, KPMG.

The car industry is expected to grow at 5 to 6 per cent this year, half last year’s 12 per cent.

Korea cautions against Washington’s bailout of U.S. automakers

2008年11月18日,星期二

South Korean President Lee Myung-bak said that he supports the incoming U.S. government’s move to bail out financially beleaguered U.S. automakers, but asked Washington to carefully choose the rescue method in order not to violate WTO rules.In an interview with CNN broadcast on Monday, Lee also reiterated that he would “welcome” and “support” a meeting between U.S. President-elect Barack Obama and North Korean leader Kim Jong-il if Obama were to take such a step after taking office.

“I want the U.S. automakers to survive the economic crisis, and that’s more advantageous to Korea,” Lee was quoted by his spokesman as saying in the interview, referring to a move by Obama and the Democratic Party to use part of Washington’s US$700 billion financial rescue fund to bail out troubled U.S. automakers.

“But the U.S. government should give more serious considerations to the method of auto industry bailout. A wrong protection of the auto industry could run counter to the WTO rule and set a bad precedent. Then, other countries may follow the example of the U.S. to directly subsidize their automakers.”

Talking to Korean-American CNN reporter Alina Cho in the interview held after the Group of 20 summit in Washington D.C., Lee also said that when he spoke with Obama after the U.S. presidential election, Obama promised to consult with South Korea before taking any major action on North Korea.

Lee and Obama held telephone talks on Nov. 7 and agreed to further reinforce the two countries’ bilateral alliance and to closely cooperate in addressing the global financial crisis and the North Korean nuclear issue. They also shared the view that a stronger alliance between South Korea and the U.S. would promote peace and stability in Asia.

The agreement came after the Lee administration consistently warned North Korea not to attempt to bypass South Korea through its direct diplomacy with the incoming U.S. administration.

Asked about the political situation in North Korea, Lee said it seems that North Korean leader Kim has not yet chosen his heir.

The president noted that there have not been major internal changes within North Korea thus far, but his government is making full preparations for all possible scenarios in the North.

“We’re looking closely at changes underway in North Korea. We’ll closely consult the U.S. and other allies in preparing (for changes in the North),” the president was quoted as saying.

Lee also told CNN he has high expectations for Obama, calling him “the right leader at the right time.” He said any damage done in recent years to U.S. global leadership may be because the country relied too heavily on “hard power,” and that he believes Obama will be effective in utilizing “soft power.”

GM sells its 3 percent of share in Suzuki

2008年11月18日,星期二

Highlighting its urgent need for operating cash, General Motors Corp. said Monday it sold its remaining 3% stake in Japan’s Suzuki Motor Corp. on theTokyo stock market for about $230 million.GM said the move was “based on a mutual agreement.” The Japanese compact-car maker said it was mindful of GM’s need to secure funds as the company reels from a slump in auto sales in its major markets and high operating costs.

The U.S. auto maker said it sold its Suzuki shares at 1,363 yen ($14.03) a share, matching Monday’s closing price on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. That is nearly 5% below the stock’s 25-day moving average, and less than half its high for the year.

GM and Suzuki work together on developing hybrid and fuel-cell technologies. They also jointly own a Canadian manufacturing operation and cooperate in other spheres.

“We highly value our strategic relationship with Suzuki,” GM Chief Executive Rick Wagoner said in a statement.” This action will have no impact on our existing bilateral business relationships.”

Earlier this month, GM reported a $2.5 billion loss for the third quarter and said it is seeking $5 billion in cost cuts, as well as new financing from banks, private investors and through a government rescue. GM warned earlier this month it could run out of operating cash by the end of the year.

GM also warned its bruising third quarter — it burned through $6.9 billion in cash — had left it with only a thin cushion between its current cash reserves and the minimum funding requirements for day-to-day operations.

The sale of the Suzuki stake comes after weeks of speculation that Ford Motor Co. might be considering cutting its 33.4% stake in Japan’s Mazda Motor Corp. in a move to bolster its own finances. Both Ford and Mazda have brushed aside speculation about the stake, valued at more than $800 million, saying they expect to retain strong ties.

Earlier this decade, GM owned more than 20% of Suzuki, in which it took an initial stake in 1981. In 2006, GM sold a 17% holding to raise cash for restructuring, leaving it with just 3%. Both parties said Monday that despite GM’s sale, the U.S. auto maker could return as a Suzuki investor at some point in the future.

Separately, the Japanese auto maker said it will buy back the equivalent amount of its own shares — 16.4 million — using cash at hand.

Suzuki said it will offer Monday’s closing price of 1,363 yen a share on the Tokyo exchange’s off-hours trading system before the market officially opens Tuesday, valuing the shares at 22.37 yen billion, or just under $231 million.

A GM spokesman declined to say Monday what exactly the company plans to do with the $230 million.